-
Article
-
Channel
-
Region
-
Season
-
Tag
Articles
-
Video article 6:41
Exploring the World of Ningyo Joruri - Traditional Japanese Puppet Theater. Discover the Amazing Process of Creating These Priceless Works of Art Made by Skilled Puppeteers!
Traditional Crafts Traditional Culture- 285 plays
- YouTube
Traditional Japanese Performing Arts - Ningyo Joruri This video, titled "Tokushima's Wooden Ningyo Joruri Puppets|Footprints of the Puppets "AWA DEKO" (人形浄瑠璃を支える徳島の木偶 Footprints of the Puppets “AWA DEKO”), was uploaded by Joruri Kaido (浄瑠璃街道). It introduces Ningyo Joruri, a traditional Japanese culture. Ningyo Joruri is a type of puppet theater in which a story is performed by three puppeteers, a tayu (joruri narrator), and a shamisen player. In this article, we'll introduce the puppets behind Ningyo Joruri, a traditional Japanese performing art. The History of Ningyo Joruri, a Traditional Japanese Performing Art Source :YouTube screenshot Awa Ningyo Joruri is a traditional Japanese art form that has been handed down in Tokushima Prefecture for centuries. Ningyo Joruri, which originated in Osaka in the Edo Period (1603-1868) as a form of mass entertainment, is a composite art form in which the tayu, shamisen, and the puppets work together to create a wonderful story. In addition to being enjoyed as a form of mass entertainment, Ningyo Joruri is often performed with the same high artistic quality as bunraku, and performed as a Shinto ritual. The Artisans Behind Ningyo Joruri Puppets Source :YouTube screenshot The puppets used in Ningyo Joruri are called "deko," and most of the heads of deko are hand made by puppeteers in Awa. The construction of the wooden figurines is so elaborate that referring to them any differently would be to disrespect the craftsmanship of the artisans. Awa Deko are a larger variety of puppets used in Ningyo Joruri, so paulownia wood is used as a material to make them lighter. The puppets are designed to manipulate facial expressions and gestures through mechanisms inside their heads, and the craftsman's elaborate techniques are indispensable in creating each masterpiece. You can see how Yoichiro Amari, an Awa Ningyo Joruri Craftsman, creates the puppets at 1:04 in the video. The face is carefully carved out of paulownia wood with a carving knife, cut in two in front of the ears as seen at 2:02, and then mechanisms to control the eyes, mouth, and eyebrows are placed inside the hollowed-out head. Learn More About Ningyo Joruri, a Traditional Japanese Performing Art Source :YouTube screenshot In Tokushima Prefecture, there's "Matsushige-cho Rekishi Minzoku Shiryokan, Ningyo Joruri Shibai Shiryokan," a museum where visitors can learn about the history and culture of Japan’s Ningyo Joruri. At the museum, visitors can learn about the types of puppets, the materials used to make them, how they're made, the techniques used by the artisans, and the steps to completing one. The Tokushima Prefectural Awa Jurobe Yashiki Puppet Theater and Museum (徳島県立阿波十郎兵衛屋敷), where you can see Ningyo Joruri performances up close, is also a great place to visit. If you're looking to experience traditional Japanese culture, we highly recommend stopping by and checking out a performance. Summary of Ningyo Joruri, a Traditional Japanese Performing Art Source :YouTube screenshot The artisans who make the elaborate wooden puppets are essential to Ningyo Joruri, a traditional art form loved by many. We hope you enjoyed learning about the amazing culture of Ningyo Joruri, a traditional Japanese performing art that has been loved through the ages. -
Video article 11:49
Introducing "Shogi"! Its Rules and How to Play the Popular Traditional Japanese Chess Game! It Seems Simple, but Shogi Is a Battle of Wit and Strategy!
Things to Do- 129 plays
- YouTube
About the Shogi Introductory Video This article will talk about the video "Explaining the Rules of Shogi for New Players" (将棋を全く知らない人向けのルール説明), created by "HAIREY Asoberu Biyoshitsu." There are probably many people who are interested in the traditional Japanese chess game "Shogi" but do not know how to play the game. If you watch this video, you will learn how to move each piece appropriately, as well as learning the terminology, strategies, and tactics of Shogi. What Kind of Game Is Shogi? Photo:Shogi Shogi is a two player strategy board game. It is sometimes called Japanese Shogi to distinguish it from Chess and Changzhi. According to the Japan Shogi Association, there are about 12 million Shogi players worldwide. In recent years, it has become popular globally, as there is an online World Shogi Championship. The origin and the history of Shogi is unknown, but Japan’s oldest Shogi pieces were found in Kofukuji, Nara, Kansai region, and these pieces are from Heian Period (794 to 1185). A Closer Look at the Rules of Shogi Photo:Shogi Captured pieces of Shogi are called Osho, Gyokusho, Hisha, Kakugyo, Kinsho, Ginsho, Keima, Kyosha and Fuhyo. Players follow the rules introduced in the video and advance their pieces up the board within the allotted time limit. From 0:08 in the video, we're given the name of each piece, and the different ways they can move is also explained. Each piece has its own movement. One such move is called "Fuhyo", which only allows movement of one space forward. From 7:28, illegal moves are also explained, and from 10:26, we are given a more in depth look at how each piece moves. Similarly to Chess' "Check" The word "Ote" is said when a piece could take the opponent’s Osho or Gyokusyo. Shogi sounds like a simple game, yet it is very tactical and there are people of all ages who enjoy playing Shogi. What kind of people are professional Shogi players? Photo:Shogi Professional Shogi players were called "Shogi-Sashi" (将棋指し) in the Edo period (From 1603 to 1868). Some famous professional Shogi players include Yoshiharu Habu, ranked 9th dan, Takeshi Fujii, ranked 9th dan, Masayuki Toyoshima meijin, Amahiko Sato, ranked 9th dan, Sota Fujii, ranked 7th dan, Takayuki Yamasaki, ranked 8th dan, Yasumitsu Sato, ranked 9th dan, Kazuki Kimura, ranked 9th dan. There are also professional female players. Professional Shogi players can also earn titles such as Meijin, Ryuo, Oui, Oza, by winning many matches. You can check professional matches, as well as match records for Shogi on NHK's live stream and other such places on the internet. Summary of the Shogi Introductory Video This video gives viewers an easy-to-understand introduction on the rules of Shogi. By installing a Shogi app game such as “Shogi wars,” you can try playing Shogi without needing your own board! While playing these Shogi games, you'll earn ratings and rank up accordingly, which allows players to enjoy heated matches versus opponents in their skill group! If this video made you interested in Shogi, we recommend trying the Shogi app listed above or trying one of the many other applications that are out there! 【Official Website】Japan Shogi Association https://www.shogi.or.jp/ -
Video article 5:36
Awaji Ningyo Joruri - A Traditional Japanese Performing Art of Hyogo Prefecture Loved Both in Japan and Abroad! Introducing the History and Highlights of Awaji Ningyo Joruri!
Traditional Culture- 160 plays
- YouTube
An Introduction to Awaji Ningyo Joruri for Beginners! The video this time is called "What is Awaji Ningyo Joruri?" (淡路人形浄瑠璃って何やろ?). This is an introductory video on the traditional Japanese performing art, Ningyo Joruri (Awaji Puppet Theatre). Ningyo Joruri is a traditional Japanese performing art made for the masses. Be sure to follow along with the video that explains Awaji Ningyo Joruri in detail, and experience the fascinating culture unique to Japan! Awaji Ningyo Joruri - A Traditional Japanese Culture Source :YouTube screenshot Puppet shows have been performed on Awaji Island in Hyogo Prefecture for approximately 500 years, around the Warring States period of Japan. Awaji Ningyo Joruri was originally performed as a Shinto ritual in honor of Ebisu in Nishinomiya. Ningyo Joruri, also called Bunraku, is a theatrical art culture, and the story is performed by a gidayu (a joruri narrator), shamisen music, and 3 puppeteers, as seen at 3:08 in the video. The three puppeteers bring the puppets to life with their fluid movements. Unlike many other Japanese performing arts, Awaji Ningyo Joruri also has many female puppeteers. The Charms of Awaji Ningyo Joruri Source :YouTube screenshot The Awaji Puppet Theater is a cultural facility where you can watch Awaji Ningyo Joruri shows. Awaji Island is a historical spot that is associated with "Kuniumi," Japan's creation myth, and the Awaji Puppet Theater has a performance called Ebisu Mai (Ebisu Dance) that is associated with this myth. Awaji Ningyo Joruri has a unique way of producing a dynamic traditional art form that incorporates quick changes and the use of large props, creating a performance that keeps the crowd glued to their seats. In recent years, Awaji Ningyo Joruri has been attracting attention outside of Japan as well. Awaji Ningyo Joruri Theater is making efforts to further promote traditional Japanese performing arts, including overseas tours. Summary of Awaji Ningyo Joruri Source :YouTube screenshot Awaji Ningyo Joruri is a traditional art form unique to Japan, and is something we highly recommend viewing if you have the chance. The video introduces the charms and characteristics of Awaji Ningyo Joruri, so if you still haven't yet, be sure to check it out. When you go to Awaji Island, a place famous for the whirlpools in the Naruto Strait, be sure to stop by the Awaji Puppet Theater, and the Minamiawajishi Awajiningyojoruri Museum! 【Official Website】Awaji Puppet Theater: Homepage https://awajiningyoza.com/other/en/ -
Video article 5:41
Kenshibu: A Traditional Japanese Performing Art That Combines Beauty and Spirit! Watch Closely as the "Kenshibu Super Team" Performs Their Prestigious "Kenshibu Dance"!
Traditional Culture- 91 plays
- YouTube
The Kenshibu Super Team's Amazing Performance Video! This video, titled "Kenshibu Super Team|Promotional Video 'PASSION ~ Like a Blaze ~'," was released by the "Japan Ginkenshibu Foundation." Ginkenshibu, a traditional Japanese performing art, is a combination of two art forms: sword dancing and poetry. The Japan Ginkenshibu Foundation, introduced in the video, continues to promote the appeal of Ginkenshibu, a traditional Japanese performing art, through teaching Ginkenshibu and organizing stage performances and national competitions. A Closer Look at Kenshibu, a Traditional Japanese Performing Art Source :YouTube screenshot The history of Ginkenshibu, the traditional Japanese performing art introduced in the video, dates back more than 100 years, and is said to have started when a samurai in the Edo period (1603-1868) danced whilst holding a sword. It was not until the Meiji period (1868-1912) that Hibino Raifu shaped the style of the current sword dance based on the forms used in Japanese swordsmanship. In most cases, different characters are in charge of the sword dance, which is performed brilliantly with the movements of kenjutsu and iaijutsu, and the poetry dance, which incorporates the techniques of Chinese poetry, Japanese Waka poetry, shigin, and Japanese music. The performance may be performed by two people who do the sword dance and poetry dance or done by a large number of performers. The characteristic of the traditional Japanese performing art, Kenshibu, is that swords and fans are used in the performances. Performers of the traditional performing art, Kenshibu, are required to have the spirit of Bushido, the spirit and dignity of a samurai. From 0:44 of the video, you can see the powerful Kenshibu performance. The Kenshibu Super Team Source :YouTube screenshot The Kenshibu Super Team is a project started to raise the next generation of Kenshibu artists while inheriting the techniques of the traditional Japanese performing art. Kenshibu Super Team's Shoko Shibata is a member of the Japan Soshinryu and started the traditional performing art Kenshibu when he was in elementary school. The highly skilled members of the team, including Shoko Shibata, Irikura Shouou, Gaikou Sotome, Houyo Kutsukawa, Yuuyo Sugiura, and Bishin Nagasawa; perform the Kenshibai Super Team performance "PASSION ~ Like a flame ~" introduced in the video at the beginning of this article. Many spectators are mesmerized by the dynamic and intense movements of Kenshibu. Summary of the Kenshibu Super Team Source :YouTube screenshot The Kenshibu Super Team is a fascinating organization that arranges and performs Kenshibu, a traditional Japanese performing art, in a contemporary style. If you want to experience traditional Japanese culture, be sure to check out the performance of the Kenshibu Super Team! 【Official Website】Kenshibu Super Team - Japan Ginkenshibu Foundation http://www.ginken.or.jp/index.php/en/top-en/ -
Video article 6:03
Okinawan Bullfighting - Experience a Fierce Battle Between 2 Beasts in Uruma, Okinawa!
Traditional Culture Travel- 238 plays
- YouTube
The Traditional Bullfights of Uruma City, Okinawa This video, titled "Okinawa Traditional Culture- Bullfighting Village Uruma City" is a video introducing the traditional Okinawan culture and bullfighting of Uruma City, Okinawa Prefecture. Photo:View of Uruma City, Okinawa Miyagi Island from Sinugudo Banta Okinawa is a tropical island where you can enjoy the feeling of a resort while in Japan. In Uruma City Okinawa, there is a hidden sightseeing spot where you can see powerful bullfights. The powerful atmosphere, comparable to authentic Spanish bullfighting, is strong enough to be felt through the video. What Kind of Spot Is Uruma City's Bullfighting? Source :YouTube screenshot The bullfighting village of Uruma City, Okinawa is a rare spot where you can watch bullfights in Japan. You can see the bullfights at the dome-shaped bullring called the Ishikawa Multipurpose Dome, which was built in 2007. More than 20 bullfights are held annually in Bullfighting Villages, including an event where the whole island participates in bullfighting, gathering the strongest bulls from all over Okinawa. In particular, the "All Island Bullfighting Tournament" held three times a year in spring, summer and fall is a highly anticipated event that attracts more than 4,000 spectators to determine the best bullfight in Okinawa. Okinawan bullfighting, called "Ushiorase", has a long history and has been loved by many islanders since ancient times as a form of rural entertainment. Even if you win the tournament and become a champion, there's no prize, rather, you are fighting for honor. At the Bullfighting Village, you can purchase tickets on the day, so there's no need to worry about purchasing in advance. You can also take a walk and visit the cattle barns (Ushikaraya) in the vicinity. Rules and Highlights of Traditional Culture, Okinawa Bullfighting Source :YouTube screenshot Okinawa's bullfighting is not a style where bulls and bullfighters fight, but a one-on-one fight between cows. A bullfighter, called a "Seko," helps to encourage the fighting spirit of the bulls through a technique called "Yagui." The bullfighting tournament held in Uruma City has three major title matches: a lightweight class of 850 kg or less, a middleweight class of 970 kg or less, and an open weight class. There are also rankings, similar to those of sumo wrestlers. Okinawa bullfights have a variety of techniques, such as "oshi," "kake," "tsuki," "wari," and "haratori." These are different ways in which the bulls ram one another. Upon seeing one of these techniques, the crowd roars with applause and cheers the bulls on. There are various types of horns, such as Togai, Gun, Kabbler, Touchu, Hiller, Beauneue, and Hege. Depending on the style of horns, the bull may excel at attacking or defending. The detailed horn features and bullfighting techniques are introduced at 1:21 in them video. Be sure to check it out. The Appeal of Japanese Bullfighting Source :This article Video Bullfighting village Uruma has a local hero, "Traditional God Ulmer," who livens up the bullfighting culture. A local Okinawan hero program called "Bullfighting Warrior Wide" is also very popular. Introduced at 4:56 in the video, the local hero explains the charms of bullfighting to children. Check out the bullfighting girl's photo book by Okinawan bullfighting photographers. In Uruma City, many people who love bullfighting have spread the appeal of bullfighting in their respective forms. Summary of Bullfighting Village Uruma There are many more places to visit in Okinawa than just Shurijo Castle Park and Churaumi Aquarium. The bullfighting village in Uruma is one of the few bullrings in Japan where you can see the traditional bullfighting culture. In recent years, the number of local fans, tourists, and visitors to Japan has increased, and it has become a new tourist resource for Okinawa. At the "Uruma Festival" held in autumn, you can watch a bullfighting tournament for free. Feel the power of the bullfight in this video! Be sure to go sightseeing in the bullfighting village of Uruma to experience the bullfights, a traditional culture that will make for a unique experience. Be sure to check the bullfighting schedule on the official website. ◆ Ishikawa Multipurpose Dome Bullring Facility Overview ◆ 【Address】 2298-1 Ishikawa, Uruma City, Okinawa Prefecture 【Hours】 Hours vary by event. 【Closures】Irregular holidays (varies by event) 【Access】About 50 minutes from Naha Airport using the Naha Airport Expressway, about 2 minutes from Ishikawa Interchange 【Parking】Available. 130 free parking spaces 【Phone number】Uruma City Tourism Division 098-965-5634 -
Video article 4:04
Video of the production of Tendo Shogi Pieces, Tendo City, Yamagata Prefecture! Explains the features and depth of the Shogi pieces used by professionals in title matches!
Travel Traditional Culture Traditional Crafts- 313 plays
- YouTube
Tendo Shogi Koma" Video Introduction in Tendo City, Yamagata Prefecture This video, titled "TEWAZA/TENDO-SHOGI-KOMA/Japan Traditional Crafts Aoyama Square" (手技TEWAZA「天童将棋駒」TENDO-SHOGI-KOMA/伝統工芸 青山スクエア Japan traditional crafts Aoyama Square), was uploaded by "Japan Traditional Crafts Aoyama Square" (伝統工芸 青山スクエア). Tendo Shogi Koma Source :YouTube screenshot The Tendo Shogi Koma featured in this video are shogi pieces made in and around the city of Tendo, Yamagata, in Japan's Tohoku region. Tendo Shogi Koma account for about 90% of all shogi pieces produced in Japan. There are different types of Tendo Shogi Koma according to the way they are made and the materials they are made from, and they also vary in price. The materials used for Tendo Shogi pieces include high-grade Japanese boxwood, grey snake-bark maple, and Japanese bigleaf magnolia. Not just the type of wood, but also the grain patterns are important for Tendo Shogi Koma, with the more beautiful the patterns creating higher quality pieces. Among Tendo Shogi pieces, the most affordable sets for beginners are oshi-koma, pieces with characters stamped on them. After that are kaki-koma, in which the characters are written in lacquer, followed by hori-koma, in which the characters are carved into the pieces, and finally horiume-koma, in which lacquer is applied to the grooves of the carved characters creating a 3-dimensional look. The hand-carved and lacquered pieces, made using traditional techniques, are beautifully finished and considered a luxury item. The pieces used by professional shogi masters in tournament play use Japanese boxwood with carved lettering filled with lacquer that creates raised lettering. The price of Tendo Shogi Koma range from a few thousand yen to over 200,000 yen for a set of the highest quality pieces. Shogi pieces can also be purchased online. The handmade Tendo Shogi Koma are characterized by their luxurious and smooth feel and the commanding sound they make placed on a square. The History and Origins of Tendo Shogi Koma Shogi pieces have their origins in India, where Western chess was introduced to the East. It is said that the manufacturing of Tendo Shogi Koma began at the end of the Edo period (1603-1868) when it was encouraged as a secondary occupation for samurai. It was the Tendo Oda clan during the Edo period that encouraged the manufacture of the pieces as a form of supplementary income. Tourism in Tendo, Yamagata Photo:Tendo Park Shogi Statue, Tendo, Yamagata Tendo, Yamagata is known as the home of shogi pieces. In the video, you can see art shogi pieces scattered around Tendo, the town of shogi. [Video] 0:01 - Shogi Art The Tendo Cherry Blossom Festival's "Human Shogi" is well known among tourists. In this event, professionals play a game with humans dressed in armor and kimono representing the pieces. In addition, at the Tendo Shogi Museum, located at JR Tendo Station, Tendo Shogi Koma are displayed and souvenir goods are sold in the event hall. There is also a hands-on workshop for making kaki-koma, so consider checking it out. Making Tendo Shogi Koma Source :YouTube screenshot Here, we'll go over how Tendo Shogi Koma are made. Crafting Process 1. Creating Pieces from Raw Timber Wood is dried and cut into the shape of a shogi piece. 2. Carving the Characters Characters are carved by hand with a piece of paper on which the characters are written. 3. Applying Lacquer Natural lacquer is repeatedly applied to the grooves where the characters have been carved and allowed to dry. 4. Porcelain Polishing The final step in polishing the surface of the piece is to polish it using porcelain. 5. Mori-Age-Koma To make the characters appear raised on the piece, the lacquer is applied over and over again. In the video, you can see the craftsmen at work in various workshops. [Video] 0:26 - How Tendo Shogi Koma are Made Summary of Tendo Shogi Koma The video displays the beauty of the pieces from the wood all the way down to their feel. It demonstrates the skill of these master artisans. It's even said that the Mori-Age (pieces with raised lettering) Tendo Shogi Koma improve the concentration of professional players. Check out the video to see the Tendo Shogi Koma, a traditional Japanese craft that has been passed down by craftsmen for hundreds of years. -
Video article 1:38
The Young Genius Shogi Player, Sota Fujii Has Achieved an Amazing Feat! the Secret Strength of 7-Dan Fujii, Who Is Only the Second Person in History, After the 9-Dan Habu, to Win the Asahi Cup Open Tournament for Two Consecutive Years!
News Celebrities- 67 plays
- YouTube
7-Dan Fujii and the Asahi Cup This video is titled "7-Dan Fujii, 2nd Consecutive Asahi Cup|Shogi, 2nd Since 9-Dan Habu" (藤井七段、朝日杯2連覇 将棋、羽生九段以来2人目). It is a news video introducing the achievements of 7-dan Fujii who achieved 2nd consecutive Asahi Cup wins, released by "KyodoNews." He is only the second player in history to win the Asahi Cup twice in a row, after 9-dan Habu, and he showed us why, with his incredible performance during his matches. The media covered this massive feat extensively and brought it to the attention of the nation. In this article, I would like to introduce you to the 7-dan, Fujii, the youngest professional Shogi player in the world. Fujii's Feat in the Shogi Asahi Cup Source :YouTube screenshot On February 16, 2019, at the 12th Asahi Cup Open, held at the Yurakucho Asahi Hall in Tokyo's Chiyoda Ward, 7-dan Sota Fujii defeated the titleholder, Akira Watanabe, in the final to win the tournament. More impressive was that it was Fujii's first time playing against a title holder. Fujii 7-dan also won the tournament in the last round, defeating 9-dan Habu and others who had an overwhelming record of successive victories. This is an amazing accomplishment, and he is only the 2nd person in history since 9-dan Yoshiharu Habu to achieve this feat. You can see the final match against Akira Watanabe from 0:07 in the video. This is Fujii's first win since the 2018 Shinjin-O tournament, and he is delighted with his victory. We're looking forward to see what he can do in the future. In a post-game interview with Fujii, which can be seen at 0:41 in the video, he mentions that he "would like to use this experience to do my best and become stronger." In the interview at 1:05, Akira Watanabe acknowledges the strength of Fujii, and says that Fujii will only continue to get better. As shogi players, they are both still aiming for the top. Who Is Sota Fujii? Source :YouTube screenshot Sota Fujii was born in Seto City, Aichi Prefecture, in 2002, and started playing shogi at the age of five, influenced by his maternal grandparents. At the age of 13, he became the youngest player ever to be promoted to 3-dan, and at 14, he went on to become a professional. He is the fifth person in history to become a professional shogi player while still in junior high school, following Hifumi Kato, Koji Tanikawa, Yoshiharu Habu and Akira Watanabe. He made his professional debut in 2016 in a ranking match against Hifumi Kato, which resulted in a victory. He is the youngest player to win an official game, at 14 years and 5 months. From there, he racked up a string of victories, winning 29 matches in a row after his debut. His dominant performance has attracted a lot of attention from the media. After that, he continued to improve his skills as a junior high school professional, breaking various records such as 50 wins and becoming the youngest player to win a total of 100 games. As a challenger, he has challenged masters, titles, and higher ranking masters and achieved a lot of victories. Fujii's Incredible Ability Source :YouTube screenshot The brilliance of Sota Fujii is the speed at which he can read the game as well as his strong early game, but most of all, professional players say that his endgame is especially impressive. Yoshiharu Habu has said of Fujii, that he is "good at cutting off the edges in the shortest possible course" and that he is similar to Koji Tanigawa, a 17th generation master. He is the pinnacle of shogi players, as he is not only unimaginably accomplished for his age, but also has great potential for the future. There are high expectations for him taking both the Meijin and Ryūō ranks. As of February 2020, Fujii ranks 3rd in terms of rating, which indicates his shogi prowess. Summary of 7-Dan Sota Fujii, the Young Genius Photo:Shogi "7-Dan Fujii, 2nd Consecutive Asahi Cup|Shogi, 2nd Since 9-Dan Habu" is a video that introduces the feat of 7-dan Sota Fujii, who achieved 2 consecutive Asahi Cup victories. In the 13th Asahi Cup Open held in 2020, Sota Fujii broke through qualifying without difficulty, but lost to 7-dan Shota Chida in a semi-final round, and was unable to secure a third victory. We hope you enjoyed this article on Sota Fujii, the up and coming Shogi genius. If you're interested in trying out Shogi, don't be shy! It's a lot of fun!