Introducing Kobe Animal Kingdom, a Facility Where You Can Interact With Cute Animals up Close This video, titled "Kobe Animal Kingdom" (神戸どうぶつ王国), was uploaded by "Kobe Animal Kingdom" (神戸どうぶつ王国 Kobe Animal Kingdom). Kobe Animal Kingdom, located on Port Island, an artificial island in Kobe, Hyogo, in Japan's Kansai region, is a facility with a theme of "symbiosis between flowers, animals, and people." The 25,000-square-meter site is filled with 10,000 plants and flowers of around 1,000 different species, as well as 600 animals of approximately 110 different species. The biggest attraction of Kobe Animal Kingdom is that many of the animals in the park are free-range, so visitors can enjoy interacting with cute animals up close. There are also many shows, performances, and attractions that help visitors feel closer to the animals. The official video of Kobe Animal Kingdom, introduced here, is a short, two-minute video that introduces all the attractions of the facility. We hope you enjoy it! Meet Cute Animals at an Indoor Park Photo：Parakeets at Kobe Animal Kingdom Kobe Animal Kingdom is divided into two areas: the Inside Park and the Outside Park. The Inside Park, shown at 0:19 in the video, is an all-weather facility that allows visitors to walk around in the rain without getting wet. At "Contact Animals," visitors can interact with small animals, such as rabbits, dogs, cats, macaws, parrots, and more. There are also wild cats and sand cats on exhibit. At "Tropical Forest," animals living in the tropics spend their free time in their natural habitat. Here, visitors can interact with capybaras, tropical birds, sloths, etc. In addition, at "Wind Stadium," where bird shows are held, visitors can take pictures with owls. "Water Lilies" is a huge pool with approximately 100 species of water lilies in bloom and small tropical fish that can be fed. A Full-Fledged Zoo in an Indoor Park Photo：A shoebill at Kobe Animal Kingdom Kobe Animal Kingdom has a large indoor area with a full-fledged zoo inside the indoor park. Kobe Animal Kingdom is divided into the various regions found around the world, including Asian Forest, African Wetlands, Tropical Wetlands, Tropical Forest, and Rocky Valley, and is home to a wide variety of animals, including reptiles, hippopotamuses, wolves, bears, red pandas, manuls, ring-tailed lemurs, lesser anteaters, and Tam Tam, a pygmy hippopotamus that moved in in July 2020 from NIFREL in Suita, Osaka. There is also an ecological garden for the "shoebill," an unmoving pelican that lives in Africa. This opened in April 2021, and the facility currently trying to breed them for the first time in Japan. In addition, you can have lunch at a location popular on social media for its panorama of flowers hanging from the ceiling of the restaurant and cafe. AlpaCafé also sells original animal-themed food, such as Shoebill Coffee. There is also a souvenir store, selling many goods featuring the park's animals. These goods can also be purchased at the official online store. Experience Kobe Animal Kingdom's Outside Park Photo：A red kangaroo at Kobe Animal Kingdom Kobe Animal Kingdom also has a great outside park. The Outside Park, which can be seen from 1:35, is an open area where visitors can see kangaroos, alpacas, and giant tortoises. You can also ride camels and horses, and dog shows are held daily. At Aqua Valley, visitors can meet cute penguins and seals. The admission fee to Kobe Animal Kingdom is 1,800 yen for adults (junior high school students and older). You can get a discount on the admission fee by purchasing advance tickets or by using the hotel's accommodation package plan. Kobe Animal Kingdom is easily accessible from Kobe Airport and Sannomiya Station. There is also a large parking lot, so you can also go by car. ※On weekends and holidays, the park can get crowded, so it's best to use public transportation. Interact With Cute Animals! Summary of Kobe Animal Kingdom Kobe Animal Kingdom is a place where flowers, animals, and people come into contact with each other. Kobe Animal Kingdom is constantly changing, with new areas popping up constantly. The park is currently implementing initiatives for "biodiversity conservation" and "environmental conservation" so that the animals can live comfortably. They also conduct crowd-funding to further develop their efforts. If you're looking to experience the animals of the world, consider checking out Kobe Animal Kingdom! ◆Kobe Animal Kingdom Facility Information◆ 【Address】7 Chome-1-9 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo Ward, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 【Telephone】+81 078-302-8899 【Hours】Please inquire directly as hours can vary by season. 【Closures】Closed every Thursday (※Excluding national holidays) 【Admission Fee】 Adults (junior high and older): ¥1,800 Elementary Schoolers: 1,000 Children (ages 4 & 5): ¥300 Seniors (65 and older): ¥1,300 【Official Website】Kobe Animal Kingdom https://en.kobe-oukoku.com/ 【Trip Advisor】Kobe Animal Kingdom https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g298562-d1493150-Reviews-Kobe_Animal_Kingdom-Kobe_Hyogo_Prefecture_Kinki.html

The Night View of Kikuseidai This video, titled "Kobe's 10 Million Dollar Night View｜Time Lapse｜Kikuseidai｜Mt. Maya｜Timelapse｜One of Japan's Three Great Night Views" (神戸1000万ドル夜景 タイムラプス 掬星台 摩耶山 timelapse 日本三大夜景), was released by "STAR streamer YOSUKE." It introduces a superb view from the view point "Kikuseidai" in Kobe, Hyogo. The night view from Kikuseidai in Kobe, located in Japan's Kansai region, along with Mt. Hakodate in Hakodate City, Hokkaido, and Mt. Inasa in Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, is one of the three major night views in Japan. More About Kikuseidai Photo：Glittering path at Kikuseidai・Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture Kikuseidai, introduced in the video, is a view point located near the summit of Mt. Maya in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture. Kikuseidai is located at an altitude of 700m and there are attractions such as the Maya Nature Observation Garden, Hôtel de Maya, Mayasan Tenjoji Temple, and Lake Hodaka. In the promenade "Kirakira Komichi" at Kikuseidai, phosphorescent stones that can be recharged with ultraviolet rays from natural light and emit light, creating a fantastical atmosphere reminiscent of the Milky Way. There is also a restaurant on the mountain, so be sure to stop by for a bite to eat of you're hungry. Access to Kikuseidai Photo：Mt. Maya nightview・Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture Using the Maya Viewline is a convenient way to reach Kikuseidai. The ride from Maya Cable Station to Rainbow Station (虹の駅, Niji no Eki) takes about 5 minutes, and from there you transfer to the Maya Ropeway to reach Maya View Terrace 702, the "station of the stars." Kikuseidai is open 24 hours a day and is free of charge, so some people go out to see the sunrise as well as the night view. There's a parking lot on Mt. Maya as well, but be careful as the roads can get quite congested. Also, the road to Kikuseidai is closed to vehicles after a certain point, so you'll have to walk. Recommended Destinations in Kobe Photo：Night view of Kikuseidai・Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture Kobe is close to Kansai International Airport, and you can easily go sightseeing around the area via train or bus, making it a popular destination. In Kobe, you'll want to stop by not only Mt. Maya, where Kikuseidai is located, but also the Mt. Rokko Observatory and Rokko Island, where Emperor Hirohito visited. In addition, Sannomiya's Port Island is great for both sightseeing and shopping. You can see the beautiful night view of Port Island from 1:17 in the video. If you purchase a "Rokko / Maya 1-day ticket" at the "Kobe Information Center" you can enjoy sightseeing in Kobe even more. Summary of Kikuseidai in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture Photo：Night view of Kikuseidai・Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture As the name suggests, you can enjoy the spectacular view at Kikuseidai, as if you were scooping the stars into your own hands (掬星台, lit. "star scooping pedastal"). The night view of Kikuseidai, which overlooks the city of Kobe when facing Osaka, is also called a "10 million dollar night view." Head over to Kobe to enjoy one of Japan's many beautiful night views! 【Tripadvisor】Mt. Maya https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g298562-d1384609-r500562432-Mt_Maya-Kobe_Hyogo_Prefecture_Kinki.html

Hyogo Prefecture's Beautiful Awaji Island! Check out the video "Awaji Island, Sightseeing Promotional Video #1" (淡路島 観光プロモーションビデオ #1). It was made by the Awaji Island Tourist Association. Awaji Island (淡路島 Awajishima) in Hyogo Prefecture in Japan's Kansai Region, is an island connecting Kobe City in Hyogo Prefecture and Naruto in Tokushima Prefecture in Japan's Shikoku Region. It is the largest island in the Setouchi Inland Sea (瀬戸内海 Setonaikai). The island, with a population of 130,000, the largest in the Seto Inland Sea, is overflowing with nature. Akashi Kaikyo Bridge on the Hyogo Prefecture side and Great Naruto Bridge on the Tokushima Prefecture side are popular tourist destinations with easy access. You can enjoy a refreshing drive over the sea by using these bridges. This video shows tourist attractions, nature, and the traditional culture of Awaji Island in just under 4 minutes. The History of Awaji Island Photo：Izanagi Shrine　Approach Hyogo Prefecture's Awaji Island is described in the Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) as a special island, being the first piece of land created by the gods. The Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) also mentions the island in a creation myth where the God Izanagi and Goddess Izanami create the island. Izanagi Shrine, located on Awaji Island, is said to be the oldest shrine in Japan, and it is a very popular tourist destination. It's considered a power spot, and many people believe that they receive energy from the shrine due to the leftover energy from the creation of Japan. As well as Izanagi Shrine, there are other historical sightseeing spots on Awaji Island, such as Honpukuji Temple and the Sumoto Castle Ruins. You can see these places at 1:50 in the video. History and Nature on Awaji Island Photo：Naruto Strait If you're looking for a nature-filled seaside destination, you'll want to see Eshima Island (絵島 Eshima), with its beautiful rocky surface, and the majestic Kamitategami Rock created by mother nature. They're shown at 1:41 in the video. We also recommend Awaji Hanasajiki Park and the Island’s campsites, where you can see superb views of the natural landscape. While you're at it, experience a traditional Awaji Puppet Joruri performance. This can be seen at 2:23 in the video. When it comes to Awaji Island, you can't leave the island without seeing the whirpools! The sea between Tokushima and the island has a very fast current. This causes the whirlpools seen at 0:53 in the video. We recommend that you shop for souvenirs at Roadside Station Uzushio (道の駅うずしお, ichinoeki Uzushio) and go out to see the whirlpools on one of the whirlpool cruise ships. Dining at Awaji Island Source :YouTube screenshot Awaji Island, rich in nature, is a place where you can enjoy both the bounty of the land and of the sea! After sightseeing, stay at an Onsen hot spring inn by the sea and try some seafood dishes such as Tiger Pufferfish and Awaji Beef. There are Japanese dishes that can only be found on Awaji Island as well. Some hot springs and cuisine on Hyogo's Awaji Island are shown at 2:45 in the video. Summary of Awaji Island in Hyogo Prefecture The video is packed with superb views of Awaji Island’s natural scenery. It's also full of tourist attractions, including historical buildings, traditional Japanese culture, hot springs, and delicious food! You'll never forget your trip to Awaji Island! If you're planning on heading to Awaji Island, don't forget what you learned in this video! 【Official website】Awaji City Hall Hyogo Prefecture Website https://www.city.awaji.lg.jp/ https://www.city.awaji.lg.jp/ 【Official Website】Awaji Island Tourist Guide・Awaji Navi -Check out the information on sightseeing, traveling, accommodations, Onsen hot springs, dining and local events in Awaji Island! https://www.awajishima-kanko.jp/en/

Relaxing at the Popular Japanese-Style Luxury Hotel “Kinzan” at Arima Onsen This article is about the popular luxury hotel Kinzan, located at Arima Onsen in Kita-Ku, Kobe in Hyogo, Japan. In this article, we'll introduce the charm of Kinzan, which is also a member of the Arima Hot Spring Tourists Association. Kinzan has a great reputation on Hotel and Ryokan (Japanese-style inn) review websites. This video will convey the amazing hospitality that only a high-class hotel is capable of providing. They also have exquisite Kaiseki cuisine made with seasonal ingredients. The video will have you feeling as though you're actually at Arima Onsen. Sit back, relax, and enjoy learning about Kinzan! Arima Onsen - A Popular Hot Spring Town in Japan Source :YouTube screenshot Arima Onsen is located in Kobe, Hyogo prefecture, and is one of the Three Ancient Springs of Japan. Arima Onsen has two types of spring water. One is Kinsen, the gold springs, which contain high levels of iron and salt and is effective at treating poor circulation, lower back pain, muscle pain, arthralgia, and peripheral vascular diseases. The other is Ginsen, the silver springs, which is a carbonic spring water, thought to be good for hypertension, occlusive peripheral arterial disease, a functional arterial circulation disorder, and functional heart disease. Kinzan is one of the most popular Japanese style luxury hotels at Arima Onsen. The hotel is built in the style of a tea-ceremony house, which gives it a unique atmosphere. With its refined and sophisticated atmosphere, Kinzan is on the world-renowned Michelin Guide as a high-quality luxury hotel. The Luxury Hotel Kinzan, at Arima Onsen Source :YouTube screenshot The beauty of the luxury hotel "Kinzan" is that you can enjoy a special time in the Japanese-style rooms overlooking the Japanese garden. You can also enjoy the attentive hospitality of the staff, including the landlady, at this elegant hotel. There is a beauty salon in the building, and a variety of amenities are also available for use. You'll also be happy to know that you can enjoy traditional Kyoto-style kaiseki cuisine as well. The traditional Japanese cuisine, which incorporates a variety of local, seasonal dishes and fresh gourmet food, is a favorite among travelers. How to Spend Time at the Luxury Japanese-Style Hotel, Kinzan Source :YouTube screenshot Arima Onsen's spring water contains many components and has various beneficial effects on the body. This is a part of the reason why this Onsen is very popular. It's effective against neuralgia, stiff shoulders, motor paralysis, joint stiffness, bruises, sprains, chronic digestive diseases, hemorrhoids, and aids in post-illness recovery, recovery from fatigue, and promotes health. We recommend the rare reddish-brown open air bath to those looking to fully heal their body. The Japanese Garden has beautiful bamboo forests, where you can see fireflies flying around in early summer. It's a truly magical scene. During your stay, strolling through the garden while wearing a Yukata, or taking a walk to the Onsen town is a great way to relax and unwind. Remember, it's your trip, so you can enjoy it whatever way you please. Kinzan has day-trip plans as well if you're not looking to stay the night. You can casually enjoy the Onsen and food during the day and begin your journey anew, feeling revitalized. There are many popular hot spring facilities around Kinzan that provide day-trip plans, so we recommend checking out the other springs in the area if you're interested. There are "Kinnoyu" (Kinsen) and "Ginnoyu" (Ginsen) public hot springs. They also have bath salts for souvenirs which replicate the bath water at "Kinyu" and "Ginyu," so you can enjoy it even at home. Create Unforgettable Memories at Arima Onsen If you're interested in enjoying the luxurious space shown in the video, why not make a reservation at the Japanese hotel, Kinzan? Rates vary by season, day of the week, and room, so be sure to check the official website or travel websites for more information. If you haven't yet, be sure to watch the video to see the luxury Japanese inn, Kinzan! ◆「Kinzan」Facility information◆ 【Address】1302-4 Arima-Cho, Kitaku, Kobe city, Hyogo, Japan 【Access】A 3-minute walk from Arima Onsen Station on the Kobe Electric Railway Arima Line 【Parking】Available 【Telephone】078-904-0701

A video on retro Japanese Dagashi Stores! This video introduces you to Japan's nostalgic "Dagashi Stores". To Japanese adults, this video reminds them of their childhood with its nostalgic feel. That being said, Its certainly very interesting to children and foreigners who don’t know about Japanese Dagashi Stores. When there weren't convenience stores in the past, children loved to go to Dagashi Stores where they chose special candies and toys to spend their allowances on. Enjoy the video showing the fun scenes of Dagashi Stores. What Are Dagashi Stores? What Kind of Things Do They Sell? Photo：Dagashi Store Dagashi Stores are shops that buy candies and toys from wholesale distributors and sell them in their own shops. In some regions, they are also called ‘Ichimon Candy Stores’. As seen from 0:32 in the video, Dagashi Stores attract children with their shelves of various candies and toys. Candies such as Kinakobo, Chocobat, BIG Katsu, Mochitaro, Umaibo, and sweets with toys and sweets with winning tickets are still being sold. Many candies that adults nowadays used to buy when they were young. You Can Buy Toys and Play Games, Too! Photo：Traditional Toys Dagashi Stores are popular among young children. They also sell toys such as spinning tops (独楽 Koma), Menko (めんこ), Taketombo Bamboo toys (竹とんぼ Taketombo), balloons and plastic models. Children enjoy playing candy lotteries with pictures of movie stars, Arcade games, and medal games with friends. Dagashi Stores are important socializing spots for children, too. Let's Check It Out! Photo：Sweet Shop Yokocho There are still some individually run Dagashi Stores left in Japan. The chained Dagashi Stores within AEON shopping mall should be easy to find. You should visit "Kashiya Yokocho" (菓子屋横丁), a popular tourist destination in Kawagoe, and if you're of legal age (20 in Japan), be sure to check out "Dagashi Bar" where you can eat candies with alcohol. At the unique chain shops "Private Dining Bar Rokunen Yonkumi" (個室居酒屋6年4組), they offer "All you can eat candy." You can also buy candies that are sold at Dagashi Stores on the internet. We recommend that you check out various online shops. Summary of the Introductory Video on Japanese Dagashi Stores Source :YouTube screenshot Today we introduced you to Dagashi Stores that are popular among children. After watching the video, if you're longing for a nostalgia filled trip or just want to experience the Japanese culture of Dagashi Stores, be sure to find and visit the address of a nearby Dagashi Store that's still open.

iPS Cells: The World's Leading Regenerative Medicine This is a video released in 2018 by the "Hitachi Brand Channel" that introduces the efforts of Japanese company Hitachi Kobe Lab, in Regenerative Medicine using iPS cells. Speaking of regenerative medicine, the 3D iPS cell culture method invented by Professor Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University's Institute for iPS Cell Research and Development won the Nobel Prize in 2012, and it has become a hot topic of conversation. So what is this regenerative medicine? We'll give you a rundown. Photo：Research Regenerative Medicine is a technique that reanimates cells in areas damaged (or lost) by illness or injury. This has made it possible to treat incurable diseases that are difficult to treat with current medicine. Professor Yamanaka had been studying regenerative medicine for some time, but in contrast to the conventional method which required the use of fertilized eggs, human iPS cells, which can be cultured from a sterile egg, solved the ethical issues and attracted attention as a new dawn in medical technology. However, iPS cells have weaknesses. It is difficult to stabilize the quality of iPS cells and to mass-produce them. Maintaining the sterility of the lab was a critical challenge for culturing stable, quality iPS cells, especially since they are less resistant to bacteria. The Future of Hitachi's Regenerative Medicine, Opened up by Open Innovation Source :YouTube screenshot Due to the difficulty of culturing iPS cells, Hitachi began development of Automated Cell Culture Equipment for iPS cells through joint research with Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. Currently, Hitachi, Ltd. and Hitachi Chemical are also participating in the research and have been successful in producing reputable induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). The greatest benefit of open innovation is that, rather than a single company monopolizing research, specialists in each field, with their own specialties, can come together to conduct research and development without being bound by interests. The services and products, created through the combined strength of the Hitachi Group's technology and Japan's top minds, will continue to lead the world's medical infrastructure in the future. The Automated Cell Culture Equipment for iPS cells is one such development. The Regenerative Medicine that Hitachi is currently working on is said to be second-generation, but if it can incorporate AI technology and achieve more stable iPS cell culturing, it's possible to break through to third-generation regenerative medicine technology and raise hopes in the future, as it could be applied to the treatment of other incurable diseases. Summary of Hitachi Kobe Lab's Regenerative Medicine Research

人気観光スポット兵庫県紹介動画について こちらの動画は「Hyogo Tourism」が公開した「HYOGO Landscape」です。 兵庫県は関空から約80分（神戸・三宮駅まで）、新幹線の駅もある便利な観光地です。 兵庫県の観光といえば神戸が有名ですが、他の地域も風景、自然、歴史が豊かで観光名所やグルメもたくさん！ 日本のいいものが丸ごと詰まった、どの季節でも楽しめる兵庫県の観光名所をご紹介します。 兵庫県の人気観光スポット「神戸・阪神」 兵庫県の中心地。神戸は明治時代に外国人居留区になり、外国人と共存する文化が根付いています。 ぜひ本場の神戸ビーフや灘五郷（神戸～西宮）の搾りたて原酒など、グルメを楽しんで頂きたい場所です。 神戸は日本一紅茶の消費量が多く、多くのカフェがあります。 旧居留地のハイソなカフェから元町の隠れ家カフェまでバラエティ豊かなカフェ文化をお楽しみ下さい。 北野坂は洋館が有名ですがモスクや教会もぜひ。 有馬温泉は鉄分を含む「金泉」と透明な「銀泉」が楽しめる癒しスポット。 六甲山から望む夜景、西宮浜と芦屋浜ヨットハーバーなど風景を楽しめる場所も。 北野坂には各国料理、スイーツなどグルメも多数あります。スイーツ店の午後は混むので時間帯にご注意を！ 兵庫県の人気観光スポット「播磨」 日本の歴史的観光スポットと言えば京都が有名ですが、兵庫県播磨地区は歴史上重要な施設がたくさんあります。 播磨は広いので列車やバスを乗り継ぐ旅になりますが、比較的観光客も少なく存分に「日本」の風景が味わえます。 昭和レトロな町並みも必見！リアルな日本の地方都市を観光できます。 兵庫県の人気観光スポット「姫路城」 第二次世界大戦の戦火を逃れた貴重な日本城。 国宝・世界遺産。漆喰の白が特徴で「白鷺城」と呼ばれています。 周辺の城下町の風景も必見！ 兵庫県の人気観光スポット「但馬」 兵庫県北部で日本海に面し、雪が多い地域です。 海に山に大自然が溢れ、自然体験ツアーが豊富。 日本の自然を観光したい方にお勧めの地域です。 夏はシーカヤック、冬はスキーなどが満喫でき、雄大な風景に癒されます。 豊岡市では特別天然記念物コウノトリの屋外繁殖に成功し、繁殖期になるとコウノトリ専用の人工塔で子育てする風景が楽しめます。 城之崎温泉は但馬を代表する癒しスポット。 豊岡かばん、柳細工など一世を風靡した工芸品も多数あります。 風景を楽しむならぜひ山陰海岸ジオパークや氷ノ山へ。 グルメが豊富で松葉かに、出石そば、赤花そば、床瀬そば、但馬牛などが楽しめます。 但馬牛の最高級品が神戸牛で、但馬牛は比較的リーズナブル価格です。 兵庫県の人気観光スポット「丹波」 兵庫県と京都府をまたぐ山間部で、農産物で有名です。 丹波は「土」と縁が深い地域です。 立杭には陶器の丹波焼の窯が多数並び、恐竜の骨が発掘された丹波竜の里公園は男の子も楽しめます。 農作物はどれも瑞々しく、お土産にもお勧めです。 篠山は古民家が点在し、巡るだけでも楽しい場所です。 丹波はアクセスが便利な地域なのに日本の里山の風景を体感できる隠れた名所です。 でかんしょ踊り、黒井城跡、篠山城跡、紅葉寺で有名な石上寺など歴史を触れる旅がお薦めです。 陶器好きな方はぜひ立杭陶の郷で名品を探してみましょう。 丹波の黒豆（黒枝豆）、丹波栗など農作物、松茸、ぼたん鍋（冬季）など、四季を通してグルメが豊富です。 兵庫県の人気観光スポット「淡路」 兵庫県、そして日本最大の島、淡路島は日本のふるさと。 古事記の国産み神話の舞台を体感できる観光スポットです。 明石海峡大橋を通って気楽に観光できます。 最近は自転車で淡路一周する「あわいち」が有名で兵庫県を代表するサイクリングスポットに。 道中は急坂や危険な場所が多いので初心者は明石港からフェリー（ジェノバライン）経由で西側だけ走るのをお勧めします。 伊弉諾神社を始め、淡路浄瑠璃、洲本城など歴史豊かな観光地です。 風景も素晴らしく、鳴門のうずしお、花桟敷、夢舞台、神立岩、灘黒岩水仙郷（期間限定）など多数点在します。 淡路たまねぎ、しらす丼、淡路バーガーなど手軽なB級グルメも豊富。 遊び疲れたら洲本温泉で癒されましょう。 兵庫県の人気観光スポット紹介まとめ こんなにも魅力たっぷりな兵庫県。 きっとあなたのお気に入りのスポットが見つかるはず。 是非一度兵庫県に足を運んでみてはいかがですか。

How to Use Onsen: Video Introduction 温泉おんせんの入はいり方かたの動画どうが紹介しょうかい This video, titled "Japanese ONSEN Manners" (日本にほんの温泉おんせんマナー　Japanese ONSEN Manners), was uploaded by "LetsJapanCh." 今回こんかいは、『LetsJapanCh.』さん制作せいさくの『日本にほんの温泉おんせんマナー　Japanese ONSEN Manners』という動画どうがを紹介しょうかいします。 It introduces how to use onsen in Japan. 温泉おんせんの入はいり方かたを説明せつめいする動画どうがです。 What Are Japan's Onsen? 日本にほんの温泉おんせんとは？ Photo：Hot springs at Kusatsu Onsen（写真しゃしん：草津温泉くさつおんせんの湯畑ゆばたけ） Onsen, written "温泉おんせん" (温, On (Warm); 泉, Sen (Spring)) in kanji, is the Japanese word for "hot spring." 温泉おんせん（漢字かんじでは、「温（あたたかい）」「泉（いずみ）」）は英語えいごの「hot spring」という意味いみです。 Japan is one of the world's leading hot spring countries, and there are around 28,000 onsen in Japan. 日本にほんは世界せかい有数ゆうすうの温泉おんせん大国たいこくで、約やく28,000にまんはっせんの温泉おんせんがあると言いわれています。 It's not known exactly when Japan's onsen culture came to be, but records of onsen appear in historical texts, such as the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), from Japan's Nara Period (710-794). 日本にほんの温泉おんせんの文化ぶんかがいつ頃ごろ生うまれたかは明あきらかではありませんが、奈良なら時代じだいの「日本にほん書紀しょき」などの歴史的れきしてきな書類しょるいにも温泉おんせんの記録きろくがあります。 Onsen Rules/Etiquette & How to Use Onsen in Japan 日本にほんの温泉おんせんの入はいり方かたとルール・マナーを紹介しょうかい Photo：Noren at a public bath（写真しゃしん：銭湯せんとうの暖簾のれんのイメージ） Because Japan's onsen culture dates back more than 1,000 years, there are many different rules, manners, and customs to observe when using them. 日本にほんの温泉おんせんの文化ぶんかは1000せん年ねん以上いじょうの歴史れきしがあります。しかし、日本にほんの温泉おんせんを利用りようするときには様々さまざまなルールやマナー、習慣しゅうかんがあります。 Let's take a look at how to use onsen in Japan. ここでは、日本にほんでの温泉おんせんの入はいり方かたについてご紹介しょうかいします。 As shown in the video, there are two entrances at an onsen- one for women and one for men. 動画どうがで紹介しょうかいされているように、温泉おんせんには女性じょせい用ようと男性だんせい用ようの入いり口ぐちがあります。 The entrances are marked by curtains called "Noren." 入いり口ぐちには「暖簾のれん」というものがあります。 The noren for the men's onsen generally have the kanji '男' (man), while the noren for the women's onsen have the kanji '女' (woman). 男湯おとこゆの暖簾のれんには「男おとこ」、女湯おんなゆの暖簾のれんには「女おんな」という漢字かんじが書かいてあるのが一般的いっぱんてきです。 [Video] 0:26 - Noren & Entrances for Men and Women 【動画どうが】0:26～　暖簾のれんと男性だんせい用よう・女性じょせい用ようの入いり口ぐち If you're not used to Japan's onsen culture, this may come as a surprise, but before entering an onsen, one must get completely naked. 日本にほんの温泉おんせんの文化ぶんかに慣なれていない人ひとはびっくりするかもしれませんが、温泉おんせんに入はいる前まえに完全かんぜんに裸はだかにならなければなりません。 This means no swimsuits, slippers, etc. つまり、水着みずぎやスリッパなどは着用ちゃくようしません。 One reason is that wearing swimsuits can dirty the water, but another reason is that the swimsuits will weaken the therapeutic effects of the onsen. 水着みずぎを着きるとお湯ゆが汚よごれるという理由りゆうもありますが、温泉おんせんの効能こうのうが弱よわまってしまうという理由りゆうもあります。 [Video] 0:58 - What to Wear in a Japanese Onsen 【動画どうが】0:58～　日本にほんの温泉おんせんでの服装ふくそうについて Before entering an onsen there are a few other things one must do. 温泉おんせんに入る前まえに、いくつかの手順てじゅんがあります。 The first is to pour water over the body. まず、体からだにお湯ゆをかけること。 This is to acclimate your body to the temperature of the onsen, and also to wash the body of dirt and cleanse it of impurities/evil spirits. これは温泉おんせんの温度おんどに体からだを慣ならすとともに、体からだを洗あらって、穢けがれを落おとすためです。 [Video] 1:22 - Pouring Water Over Oneself Before Entering the Onsen 【動画どうが】1:22～　温泉おんせんに入はいる前まえにかけ湯ゆ After cleansing your body, it's time for a shower. 体からだを洗あらった後あとは、シャワーを浴あびます。 Unlike normal showers where you would shower standing up, it's proper manners to sit down when showering at an onsen. 通常つうじょうのシャワーは立たって浴あびますが、温泉おんせんでは座すわって浴あびるのがマナーです。 This is to prevent the water from splashing on others who may also be showering. これは、同おなじようにシャワーを浴あびている人ひとに水みずがかからないようにするためです。 Onsen are shared spaces, and so it's important to be mindful of others. 温泉おんせんは共有きょうゆうの空間くうかんなので、他ほかの人ひとを気きづかうことが大切たいせつです。 [Video] 2:13 - Showering Before Entering the Onsen 【動画どうが】2:13～　温泉おんせんに入はいる前まえにシャワー Many people may think it's common sense to not bring stools into the baths, but it's still a important. 湯船ゆぶねに腰掛こしかけを持もち込こまないのは常識じょうしきと思おもわれる人ひとが多おおいかもしれませんが、大切たいせつなことです。 Actually, bringing any outside objects into the onsen is generally considered bad manners. また、温泉おんせんの中なかに物ものを持もち込こむのはマナー違反いはんとされています。 Things like squirt guns, pool noodles, etc., are not allowed in onsen. 温泉おんせんでは水鉄砲みずでっぽうやプール・ヌードルなどは禁止きんしです。 [Video] 1:58 - Don't Bring Outside Objects Inside the Onsen 【動画どうが】1:58～　外部がいぶからの物ものを湯船ゆぶねにつけない While onsen are a place for relaxing, sleeping inside or near the baths is bad manners. 温泉おんせんはリラックスするための場所ばしょですが、湯船ゆぶねの中なかや近ちかくで寝ねるのはマナー違反いはんです。 Sleeping inside the baths is also dangerous as well, so definitely avoid doing this. また、湯船ゆぶねの中なかで寝ねるのは危険きけんですので、絶対ぜったいにやめましょう。 [Video] 2:41 - No Sleeping in Onsen 【動画どうが】2:41～　温泉おんせんで寝ねてはいけない As mentioned above, onsen are a shared space for relaxation. 上うえに書かいてあるように、温泉おんせんはリラックスするための共有きょうゆうの場所ばしょです。 It's good manners to keep your voice down when enjoying the onsen. 温泉おんせんを楽たのしむときは、静しずかにくつろぐのがマナーです。 If you're with a friend and want to talk, be sure to talk quietly. 友達ともだちと一緒いっしょにいて話はなしをしたい場合ばあいは、静しずかに話はなすようにしましょう。 Naturally, singing, yelling, etc., is bad manners. もちろん、歌うたったり、大声おおごえを出だしたりするのはマナー違反いはんです。 These manners also apply to saunas in Japan as well. これらのマナーは、日本にほんのサウナでも同おなじです。 [Video] 3:02 - Staying Quiet When Using Onsen 【動画どうが】3:02～　温泉おんせんを利用りようするときは静しずかに After you've finished relaxing in the onsen and are ready to return to the dressing room, it's important to wipe your body off first. 温泉おんせんでくつろいで、脱衣室だついしつに戻もどりたいときは、まず体からだを拭ふきましょう。 This is so that the floors of the dressing room don't get wet. これは脱衣室だついしつの床ゆかが濡ぬれれないようにするためです。 [Video] 3:40 - Wiping Down Before Entering the Dressing Room 【動画どうが】3:40～　体からだを拭ふいてから脱衣室だついしつに戻もどる Bathing in an onsen expends energy and the heat causes you to sweat, reducing the amount of water in the body. 温泉おんせんに入はいると体力たいりょくを使つかって、熱ねつで汗あせをかくため、体内たいないの水分すいぶんが少すくなくなります。 Because of this, it's important to relax for a while after bathing in the onsen, and grab some water or a sports drink to rehydrate. そのため、入浴にゅうよく後ごはしばらくリラックスして、水みずやスポーツドリンクで水分すいぶんをとるのが大事だいじです。 Many onsen in Japan provide yukata that guests can wear after bathing, and a lounge where they can relax. 多おおくの日本にほんの温泉おんせんでは、入浴にゅうよく後ごに着きる浴衣ゆかたや、ゆっくり休やすめる休憩室きゅうけいしつが用意よういされています。 Can You Enter Onsen in Japan With Tattoos? 日本にほんではタトゥーがあっても温泉おんせんに入れる？ One of the most frequently asked questions foreign travelers to Japan have when wanting to visit an onsen is whether or not it's okay to enter onsen with tattoos. 来日らいにちする外国人がいこくじん旅行者りょこうしゃが温泉おんせんに入はいりたいと思おもったとき、よくある質問しつもんの１ひとつに「タトゥーがあっても温泉おんせんに入はいれますか？」という質問しつもんです。 Unfortunately, the answer to this is generally no. 残念ざんねんながら、一般的いっぱんてきにいうと、入はいれません。 The reason for this is tattoos in Japan have long been associated with criminal organizations. その理由りゆうは、日本にほんでは昔からタトゥーは犯罪はんざい組織そしきと関係かんけいがあったからです。 In the past, criminals in Japan were even marked with a tattoo so that they could be easily identified. かつて日本にほんでは、犯罪者はんざいしゃがすぐに分わかるようにタトゥーを入いれていました。 That being said, there are some onsen in Japan where you can enter with tattoos. とはいえ、日本にほんにはタトゥーがあっても入れる温泉おんせんがあります。 Furthermore, there are places that allow you to enter as long as you cover up your tattoos. さらに、タトゥーを隠かくせば入はいれるところもあります。 This can be done with special bandages and sprays sold in Japan. 日本にほんで売うられている専用せんようのバンデージやスプレーで隠かくすことができます。 Unfortunately, some places won't let you enter even if you offer to cover up tattoos. しかし、残念ざんねんなことに、タトゥーを隠かくしても入はいらせてくれない温泉おんせんもあります。 In this case, there's not much you can do, and you're better off just finding a new place. この場合ばあい、どうすることもできないので、違ちがう温泉おんせんを探さがしましょう。 It shouldn't be hard though with how many onsen there are in Japan. ただ、日本にほんにはたくさんの温泉おんせんがありますので、探さがしやすいはずです。 The Different Types of Onsen in Japan 日本にほん温泉おんせんの種類しゅるい Photo：A bulletin board with health benefits written on it at Kinosaki Onsen（写真しゃしん：城崎温泉きのさきおんせん・効能こうのうが書かかれた掲示板けいじばん） Japan's onsen are said to be good for one's health, but there are many different types of onsen in Japan, and they all have slightly different health benefits. 日本にほんの温泉おんせんは健康けんこうに良よいと言いわれていますが、日本にほんには様々さまざまな種類しゅるいの温泉おんせんがあって、それぞれ効能こうのうも少すこし違ちがいます。 Below we'll introduce some of the different types of onsen in Japan. 以下いかに、日本にほんの温泉おんせんの種類しゅるいをいくつかご紹介しょうかいします。 ・Simple Hot Springs ・簡易かんい温泉おんせん Standard, transparent hot springs with a small amount of minerals. ミネラルが少すこし入はいった、お湯ゆが透明とうめいの標準的ひょうじゅんてきな温泉おんせん。 ・Chloride Springs ・塩化物えんかぶつ泉せん Hot springs that contain salt and are good for muscle and joint pain. 塩分えんぶんが高たかい、筋肉痛きんにくつうや関節痛かんせつつうに良よい温泉おんせん。 ・Sulfate Springs ・硫酸塩りゅうさんえん泉せん Hot springs that contain sulfates. The water of these onsen has a bitter taste. 硫酸塩りゅうさんえんが入はいった温泉おんせん。この温泉おんせんのお湯ゆは苦にがい味あじがする。 ・Acidic Springs ・酸性泉さんせいせん Hot springs with high acidity. These springs are good for the skin. 酸性度さんせいどの高たかい温泉おんせん。この温泉おんせんは肌はだに良よいです。 ・Radioactive Springs ・放射能ほうしゃのう泉せん You might be thinking "That sounds dangerous," but radioactive springs are actually shown to have good effects on the body. 「危あぶなさそうだな」と思おもうかもしれませんが、実じつは放射能ほうしゃのう泉せんは体からだに良よい効果こうかがあることが分わかっています。 These springs have a small amount of radon or radium in them and are said to treat gout and rheumatism. ラドンやラジウムが少すこし入はいった温泉おんせんで、痛風つうふうやリウマチに効きくと言いわれています。 Popular Onsen in Japan 日本にほんの人気にんき温泉おんせん There are so many hot springs in Japan that it would be impossible to list them all. 日本にほんには温泉おんせんが数かぞえ切きれないほどたくさんあるので、すべての温泉おんせんを紹介しょうかいすることはできません。 So, here are some of the most popular onsen in Japan. そこで、日本にほんで最もっとも人気にんきのある温泉おんせんをいくつかご紹介しょうかいします。 ・Kusatsu Onsen (Gunma Prefecture) ・草津くさつ温泉おんせん（群馬県ぐんま） A famous hot spring resort located on the east side of Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane, an active volcano. 活火山かっかざんである草津くさつ白根山しらねさんの東側ひがしがわに位置いちする有名ゆうめいな温泉地おんせんち。 The hot springs here are mostly acidic hot springs and are even said to have been used by military commanders during Japan's Warring States Period. ここの温泉おんせんは酸性泉さんせいせんが多おおくて、日本にほんの戦国せんごく時代じだいには武将ぶしょうが利用りようしたと言いわれています。 Video Article 3:02 Kusatsu Onsen Hot Spring, Gunma Prefecture- Beautiful Scenery, Skiing, Hot Springs, and Local Food and Events, All in This Beautiful Winter Wonderland YouTube ・Hakone Onsen (Kanagawa Prefecture) ・箱根はこね温泉おんせん（神奈川県かながわけん） Hakone Onsen refers to hot springs located mainly in the town of Hakone in Kanagawa Prefecture. 箱根はこね温泉おんせんとは、神奈川県かながわけん箱根町はこねまちを中心ちゅうしんに位置いちした温泉おんせんのことです。 It has a long history, dating back 1,300 years. 温泉おんせんの歴史れきしは古ふるくて、1300せんさんびゃく年ねん前まえにさかのぼります。 Video Article 2:59 Hakone Onsen's "Hakone Ginyu" Inn, Is an Exclusive, Luxurious Place to Stay in Kanagawa Prefecture! Enjoy a Wonderful Experience at One of Japan's Premier Hot Springs! YouTube ・Beppu Onsen (Oita Prefecture) ・別府べっぷ温泉おんせん（大分県おおいたけん） Beppu Onsen is a hot spring resort in Oita Prefecture, located near Beppu Station. 別府べっぷ温泉おんせんとは大分県おおいたけんの温泉地おんせんちで、別府べっぷ駅えきの近ちかくにあります。 The resort features many different types of hot springs. 多おおくの種類しゅるいの温泉おんせんがあるのが特徴とくちょうです。 The onsen has been famous for hundreds of years, even appearing on hot spring ranking lists from Japan's Edo Period. 数百年すうひゃくねん前まえから有名ゆうめいな温泉地おんせんちで江戸えど時代じだいの温泉おんせんランキングにも入はいっていました。 Video Article 3:46 Chinoike Jigoku (The Blood Pond of Hell) – A Blood Red Hot Spring at Beppu Hot Springs... YouTube ・Yufuin Onsen (Oita Prefecture) ・湯布院ゆふいん温泉おんせん（大分県おおいたけん） Located in the center of Oita Prefecture, Yufuin Onsen is just 10km from Beppu Onsen, so it's easy to travel between the two of them. 大分県おおいたけんのほぼ中央ちゅうおうに位置いちする湯布院ゆふいん温泉おんせんは、別府べっぷ温泉おんせんからわずか10じゅうキロの距離きょりにあって、別府べっぷ温泉おんせんとの行ゆき来きがしやすいのが特徴とくちょうです。 Video Article 1:06 Experience an Exciting Glamping Trip in Oita, Japan! Yufuin Onsen Glamping Comorebi's Luxury Camping Experience Is Like Staying at a Resort Hotel! YouTube ・Ginzan Onsen (Yamagata Prefecture) ・銀山ぎんざん温泉おんせん（山形県やまがたけん） Ginzan Onsen is a hot spring famous for its beautiful townscape. 銀山ぎんざん温泉おんせんとは美うつくしい街並まちなみで有名ゆうめいな温泉街おんせんがいです。 It's especially breathtaking during winter when snow blankets the town. 特とくに冬ふゆには雪ゆきに覆おおわれて、その美うつくしさは息いきを呑のむほどです。 ・Dogo Onsen (Ehime Prefecture) ・道後どうご温泉おんせん（愛媛県えひめけん） Dogo Onsen is a popular hot spring in Ehime, and is known as one of the oldest hot springs in Japan. 道後どうご温泉おんせんとは、日本にほん最古さいこの温泉おんせんの1ひとつとして知しられる愛媛えひめの有名ゆうめいな温泉おんせんです。 It even appears in Japanese legends 日本にほんの伝説でんせつにも表あらわれます。 Video Article 3:36 Dogo Onsen, the Oldest Hot Spring in Japan, and the Inspiration for Studio Ghibli’s Oscar-Winning Animated Film?! The Hot Spring, Loved by Famous Japanese Novelist Natsume Soseki, Is an Attractive Destination, Filled With History! YouTube The Best Time to Visit Onsen in Japan 日本にほん温泉おんせんのベストシーズン Photo：Winter at Nyuto Onsen's Tsuru no Yu（写真しゃしん：乳頭温泉郷にゅうとうおんせん・冬ふゆの鶴つるの湯温泉ゆおんせん） When it comes to the best season/time of year to visit onsen, this can vary depending on your personal preferences. 温泉おんせんに行いくのに一番いちばんいい季節きせつというと、これは人ひとによって様々さまざまです。 That being said, here are some things to consider for each season. とはいえ、季節きせつごとのポイントをご紹介しょうかいします。 ・Spring ・春はる During spring, the weather is fair, making it easy to relax in onsen. 春はるは、気候きこうもよく温泉おんせんが入はいりやすい季節きせつです。 Depending on where you are, you may even be able to enjoy cherry blossoms while bathing. 場所ばしょによっては桜さくらを見みながら入浴にゅうよくすることもできます。 ・Summer ・夏なつ Summer in Japan is quite hot, so it might seem strange to want to bathe in hot water, but there are some reasons for visiting hot spring during the summer. 日本にほんの夏なつはかなり暑あついので、温泉おんせんでリラックスしたいと思おもうのは不思議ふしぎに思おもえるかもしれませんが、夏なつに温泉おんせんに行いくのにはいくつかの理由りゆうがあります。 One would be that many of Japan's hot springs are located deep in mountainous areas and are difficult to reach during winter. 日本にほんの温泉おんせんは山奥やまおくにあることが多おおく、冬ふゆに行いくのは難むずかしいというのも理由りゆうの1ひとつです。 Summer is the best time to visit any hidden gems you want to go to. 夏なつは、行いきたい穴場あなばに行いくのに一番いちばんいい季節きせつです。 ・Autumn ・秋あき Autumn, similar to spring, has mild weather and is great for enjoying outdoor springs. 秋あきは春はると同様どうよう、気候きこうが穏おだやかで、外そとにある温泉おんせんを楽たのしむのに良よい季節きせつです。 Furthermore, autumn is one of the most beautiful seasons in Japan and there are many places in Japan that are famous for their autumn foliage. さらに、秋あきは日本にほんで美うつくしい季節きせつの1ひとつで、日本にほんには紅葉こうようの名所めいしょがたくさんあります。 Bathing in Japan's relaxing hot springs while enjoying the autumn leaves is a great way to kill two birds with one stone. 日本にほんの温泉おんせんに入はいりながら紅葉こうようも楽たのしめるなんて、一石二鳥いっせきにちょうですね。 ・Winter ・冬ふゆ Winter in Japan can be quite cold, especially northern Japan. 日本にほんのなかでも、特とくに北きた日本にほんの冬ふゆはかなり寒さむいです。 Onsen are a great way to warm up during the harsh winter months. 日本にほんの厳きびしい冬ふゆに体からだを温あたためるには、温泉おんせんは最高さいこうです。 Depending on where you go, you can also enjoy beautiful snowy landscapes around the onsen. 場所ばしょによっては、温泉おんせんの周まわりに美うつくしい雪景色ゆきげしきを楽たのしむこともできます。 How Much Do Onsen in Japan Cost to Use? 日本にほん温泉おんせんの入浴にゅうよく料金りょうきんは？ Japan's onsen are relatively cheap to use. 日本にほんの温泉おんせんの入浴にゅうよく料金りょうきんは割わりと安やすいです。 Most onsen cost only a couple hundred yen (a few bucks). ほとんどの温泉おんせんは数百すうひゃく円えんしかかかりません。 If you're on a budget and looking to save money while still enjoying some of the authentic culture of Japan, onsen are a great experience. 予算よさんが限かぎられていて、お金かねを節約せつやくしながら、日本にほんの本物ほんものの文化ぶんかを楽たのしみたいのであれば、温泉おんせんはとても良よい体験たいけんになります。 If you're visiting a hot spring town in Japan and planning to stay the night to enjoy sightseeing around the area, then you're going to have to book some accommodations as well. 日本にほんの温泉街おんせんがいに行いって、その周辺しゅうへんの観光かんこうを楽たのしむために宿泊しゅくはくするのであれば、ホテルなどの宿泊しゅくはく施設しせつの予約よやくが必要ひつようです。 With that in mind, rather than staying at a hotel, we recommend staying at a ryokan. 宿泊しゅくはく施設しせつはホテルではなくて、旅館りょかんに泊とまるのがおすすめです。 A ryokan is a traditional Japanese inn that serves traditional Japanese-style meals, generally has traditional Japanese rooms (tatami mats, sliding doors, etc.), and allows guests to relax in yukata, traditional Japanese clothing. なぜなら旅館りょかんは、食事しょくじは和食わしょく、部屋へやは和室わしつ（畳たたみ、襖ふすまなど）、浴衣ゆかたでくつろぐことができる日本にほんの伝統的でんせつてきな宿泊しゅくはく施設しせつだからです。 This allows visitors to really experience Japanese culture and for roughly the same price as a hotel. ホテルとほぼ同おなじ料金りょうきんですが、日本にほんの文化ぶんかを体験たいけんすることができます。 Onsen ryokan are traditional Japanese inns with a focus on hot springs, and can be found in many hot spring resorts in Japan. 温泉おんせん旅館りょかんは、温泉おんせんを中心ちゅうしんとした日本にほんの伝統的でんせつてきな旅館りょかんで、日本にほんの多おおくの温泉地おんせんちにあります。 Summary of How to Use Onsen in Japan 日本にほん温泉おんせんの入はいり方かたのまとめ There are many different rules and manners to observe when enjoying onsen in Japan, but even if you make a mistake, as long as you're careful there's nothing to worry about. 日本にほんで温泉おんせんを楽たのしむには、様々さまざまなルールやマナーがありますが、たとえ間違まちがえても、気きを付つければ何なにも心配しんぱいすることはありません。 Whether you're going to a famous hot spring resort or an onsen hidden in the mountains of Japan, you're sure to find some relaxing hot springs, regardless of the season. 日本にほんの有名ゆうめいな温泉地おんせんちでも、山奥やまおくの温泉おんせんでも、季節きせつに関係かんけいなくリラックスできる温泉おんせんがきっと見みつかるはずです。 Just remember, if you have tattoos, it's best to do some research and find which hot springs you can enter to avoid any troubles during your trip. ただ、タトゥーを入いれている人ひとは、旅行りょこう中ちゅうにトラブルが起おきないように、入はいれる温泉おんせんを調しらべておくといいでしょう。 h2 ruby { font-weight: bold; } .mod-article-caption .caption-heading { font-size: 2.4rem !important; } .caption-text { font-size: 2rem !important; }